تحلیل گران تحقیق در عملیات (پژوهش عملیاتی )

Operations Research Analysts
     Nature of the Work
     Working Conditions
     Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement
     Employment
     Job Outlook
     Earnings
     Related Occupations
     Sources of Additional Information

SIGNIFICANT POINTS


     Employers generally prefer applicants with at least a master?s degree in operations research or management science, or a closely related field such as computer science, engineering, business, mathematics, or information systems.
     Employment growth is projected to be slower than average, reflecting slow growth in the number of jobs with the title ?operations research analyst.?
     Individuals with a master?s or Ph.D. degree in management science, operations research, or equivalent should have good job opportunities as operations research analysts or in closely related occupations, such as systems analysts, computer scientists, or management analysts.

NATURE OF THE WORK    [About this section]
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?Operations research? and ?management science? are terms that are used interchangeably to describe the discipline of applying advanced analytical techniques to help make better decisions and to solve problems. The procedures of operations research have been used effectively during wartime in areas such as deploying radar, searching for enemy submarines, and getting supplies to where they were needed most. New analytical methods have been developed, and numerous peacetime applications have emerged, leading to the use of operations research in many industries and occupations.
The prevalence of operations research in the Nation?s economy reflects the growing complexity of managing large organizations that require the effective use of money, materials, equipment, and people. Operations research analysts help determine better ways to coordinate these elements by applying analytical methods from mathematics, science, and engineering. Analysts often find multiple possible solutions for meeting the particular goals of a project. These potential solutions are then presented to managers, who choose the course of action that they perceive to be best for the organization.
Operations research analysts often have one area of specialization, such as working in the transportation or the financial services industry, but the issues and industries in which operations research can be used are many. In general, operations research analysts may be involved in top-level strategizing, planning, forecasting, allocating resources, measuring performance, scheduling, designing production facilities and systems, managing the supply chain, pricing, coordinating transportation and distribution, or analyzing large databases.
The duties of the operations research analyst vary according to the structure and management of the employer?s or client?s organization. Some firms centralize operations research in one department; others use operations research in each division. Operations research analysts also may work closely with senior managers to identify and solve a variety of problems. Some organizations contract with consulting firms to provide operations research services. Economists, computer systems analysts, mathematicians, industrial engineers, and others may apply operations research techniques to address problems in their respective fields. (These occupations are discussed elsewhere in the Handbook.)
Regardless of the type or structure of the client organization, operations research entails following a standard set of procedures and conducting analysis to help managers improve performance. Managers begin the process by describing the symptoms of a problem to the analyst, who then formally defines the problem. For example, an operations research analyst for an auto manufacturer may be asked to determine the best inventory level for each of the parts needed on a production line and to ascertain the optimal number of windshields to be kept in stock. Too many windshields would be wasteful and expensive, whereas too few could result in an unintended halt in production.
Operations research analysts study such problems, breaking them into their components. Analysts then gather information about each of the components from a variety of sources. To determine the optimal inventory, for example, operations research analysts might talk with engineers about production levels, discuss purchasing arrangements with buyers, and examine storage-cost data provided by the accounting department.
With the relevant information in hand, the analyst determines the most appropriate analytical technique. Techniques used may include Monte Carlo simulation, linear and nonlinear programming, dynamic programming, queuing and other stochastic-process models, Markov decision processes, econometric methods, data envelopment analysis, neural networks, expert systems, decision analysis, and the analytic hierarchy process. Nearly all of these techniques involve the construction of a mathematical model that attempts to describe the system being studied. The use of models enables the analyst to explicitly describe the different components and clarify the relationships among them. The descriptions can be altered to examine what may happen to the system under different circumstances. In most cases, a computer program is developed to numerically evaluate the model.
Usually the model chosen is modified and run repeatedly to obtain different solutions. A model for airline flight scheduling, for example, might stipulate such things as connecting cities, the amount of fuel required to fly the routes, projected levels of passenger demand, varying ticket and fuel prices, pilot scheduling, and maintenance costs. By assessing different possible schedules, the analyst is able to determine the best flight schedule consistent with particular assumptions.
Based on the results of the analysis, the operations research analyst presents recommendations to managers. The analyst may need to modify and rerun the computer program to consider different assumptions before presenting the final recommendation. Once managers reach a decision, the analyst usually works with others in the organization to ensure the plan?s successful implementation.

WORKING CONDITIONS    [About this section]
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Operations research analysts generally work regular hours in an office environment. However, because they work on projects that are of immediate interest to top managers, operations research analysts often are under pressure to meet deadlines and may work more than a 40-hour week.
تحلیل گران تحقیق در عملیات (پژوهش عملیاتی )
ماهیت کار
شرایط کار
آموزش ، سایر شرایط ، و پیشرفت و ترقی
استخدام
دورنمای شغلی
مشاغل مربوطه
منابع اطلاعاتی
نکات مهم
به طور کلی کارفرما ها متقاضیانی را ترجیح می دهند که در تحقیق در عملیات یا علوم مدییتی یا رشته مرتبطی چون علوم کامپیوتر ، مهندسی ، تجارت ، ریاضیات یا سیستم های اطلاعاتی مهارت داشته باشند .
تصور می شود که رشد استخدام آهسته تر از حد میانگین است و این موضوع رشد آهسته ای را در تعداد مشاغلی که تحت عنوان تحلیل گر تحقیق در عملیات می باشند به تصویر می کشد .
افرادی که در علوم مدیریتی ، تحقیق در عملیات دارای مدرک دکتری می باشند فرصت های شغلی خوبی را به عنوان تحلیل گرد تحقیق در عملیات با مشاغل مرتبط چون تحلیل گر سیستم ، استاد علوم کامپیوتر یا تحلیل گر مدیریت می یابند .

ماهیت کار
تحقیق در عملیات و علوم مدیریتی واژه هایی هستند که از آنها به منظور توصیف ترتیب به کارگیری روشهای پیشرفته تحلیلی استفاده می شود تا افراد را در اتخاذ بهتر و حل مشکلات یاری رساند . روشهای تحقیق در عملیات به طور موثر در خلال دوران جنگ در مناطقی چون رادار جبهه ، جستجوی زیر دریایی های دشمن و فراهم کردن تدارکات برای مناطق نیازمند به کار رفته است . در خال حاضر روشهای جدید تحلیلی توسعه یافته اند و تقاضاهای متعددی که مربوط به دوران صلح بوده است به وجود آمده است که باعث به کارگیری تحقیق در عملیات در صنایع و مشاغل زیادی شده است .
رواج تحقیق در عملیات در اقتصاد ملتها حاکی از پیچیدگی رو به رشدی از مدیریت سازمان های بزرگی است که نیازمند استفاده موثری از پول ، مواد ، تجهیزات و افراد می باشند . تحلیل گران تحقیق در عملیات ما را در تعیین روشهای بهتری که به هماهنگی این عوامل بیانجامد یاری می رساند ( با به کار گیری روشهای تحلیلی از ریاضیات ، علوم طبیعی و مهندسی .) معمولا تحلیل گران برای دستیابی به اهداف خاص یک پروژه چندین راه حل احتمالی را می یابند .